- Civic District
- Stamford Raffles and the East India Company landed on the north bank of the Singapore River in 1819, and the district that grew around the landing still holds the Arts House, the National Gallery and the Asian Civilisations Museum, in buildings that once housed Parliament, the Supreme Court and colonial government. The Padang is still the open ground at its centre, with St Andrew's Cathedral standing at the corner of it, white against everything built since.
- Chinatown
- Its shophouse streets grew up southwest of the river under the 1822 town plan, which set the ground aside for Chinese migrants arriving to trade and settle. They still work in quarters — Kreta Ayer for the old trades, Club Street and Ann Siang for the clan associations, Telok Ayer for the temples. Thian Hock Keng, a joss house at the water's edge from about 1821 where Hokkien sailors gave thanks for safe crossings, stands on the last of them, rebuilt in stone by 1842.
- Little India
- It sits east of the Singapore River, across from Chinatown and north of Kampong Glam, and is known locally as Tekka among Singapore's Indian community. Tekka Market anchors the neighbourhood, and the streets fill for festivals such as Deepavali and Thaipusam.
- Kampong Glam
- It has been Singapore's Malay-Muslim quarter since the 1820s, when the 1822 town plan set the ground around the Sultan's compound aside for it. The Sultan Mosque, first built in 1826 and rebuilt into its current form in 1932, anchors a district still built around Arab Street's textile trade.
- Downtown Core
- The 1822 town plan put the commercial quarter on the south bank of the river, and it has never moved off it. The skyline now holds the Singapore Exchange and the country's major banks, and the newer ground at Marina Bay beyond them was open sea until reclamation in the 1970s.
- Orchard Road
- It took its name from the nutmeg, pepper and fruit plantations that once lined it, common here through the 19th century. The road now runs 2.5 kilometres through the centre of the city, lined with department stores, malls and hotels.